The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements which are arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. In 1869 Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev started the development of the periodic table, arranging chemical elements by atomic mass. He predicted the discovery of other elements, and left spaces open in his periodic table for them. Henry Moseley arranged the elements according to their Atomic Number rather than their Atomic mass. The seven rows of the periodic table are called periods. The columns of elements are called groups.
The United Nations has even named 2019 as the International Year of The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements.
Elements Listed
by Atomic Number
1 Hydrogen (H)
90% of atoms in the universe .Hydrogen is an essential element for life
2 Helium (He)
Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. It is present in all stars
3 Lithium (Li)
Lithium has the highest specific heat of any solid element and is used in heat transfer applications
4 Beryllium (Be)
Beryllium and its compounds are toxic and carcinogenic. Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and non-sparking tools.
5 Boron (B)
Boron is used in pyrotechnics and flares to produce a green color. Boron has also been used in some rockets as an ignition source.
6 Carbon (C)
Found in coal, oil, gas, living things. Impure carbon in the form of charcoal (from wood) and coke (from coal) is used in metal smelting.
7 Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen used to make fertilisers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives.
8 Oxygen (O)
Oxygen is a highly reactive element and is capable of combining with most other elements. .Oxygen gas is fairly soluble in water, which makes aerobic life in rivers, lakes and oceans possible
9 Fluorine (F)
It is most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive, as it reacts with almost all other elements. Fluoride is an essential ion for animals, strengthening teeth and bones
10 Neon (Ne)
Neon is used in vacuum tubes, high-voltage indicators, lightning arresters, wavemeter tubes, television tubes, and helium–neon lasers.The largest use of neon is in making the ubiquitous ‘neon signs’ for advertising.
11 Sodium (Na)
Sodium is highly reactive metal and used as a heat exchanger in some nuclear reactors. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and exists in numerous minerals such as feldspars, sodalite, and rock salt (NaCl).
12 Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe it is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car seats, luggage, laptops, cameras and power tools.
13 Aluminium (Al)
Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments.
14 Silicon (Si)
The element silicon is used extensively as a semiconductor in solid-state devices in the computer and microelectronics industries.
15 Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus has three main allotropes: white, red and black. Phosphorus is also important in the production of steel. Phosphates are ingredients in some detergents,
16 Sulfur (S)
Elemental sulfur was extracted from salt domes until the late 20th century.Most sulfur is, however, used in the production of sulfuric acid.
17 Chlorine (Cl)
Chlorine is commonly used as an antiseptic and is used to make drinking water safe. It is used as an oxidising agent and in substitution reactions.
18 Argon (Ar)
Argon is used in fluorescent tubes and low-energy light bulbs. it is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily unreactive substances become reactive.