“ The universe cannot be read until we have learned the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word. Without these, one is wandering about in a labyrinth’’- Galileo Galilei.

MATHEMATICS

Mathematics is the science of structure, order and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects. A group of related sciences, including algebra, geometry and calculus, concerned with the study of number, quantity, shape and space and their interrelationships by using a specialized notation. Mathematical operations and processes involved in the solution of a problem or study of some scientific field.

THE GREAT
MATHEMATICIANS IN INDIA

We have to realize the need to carry forward the legacy of great mathematicians such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta and Srinivasa Ramanujan so as to encourage and nurture the glorious tradition of the country in mathematics.

DOYEN OF NUMBER THEORY…

Srinivasa Ramanujan is considered as doyen of number theory, infinite series, mathematical analysis, and making formulas and equations. As a mathematical genius, he had compiled more than 3900 mathematical results and equations. His ‘Ramanujan Prime’ and ‘Ramanujan Theta Discoveries’ had inspired further research on the mathematical subject.
During his five year stay in Cambridge, Ramanujan published 21 papers, five of which were in collaboration with Prof. G H Hardy. His achievements at Cambridge include the ‘Hardy- Ramanujan Circle Method in number theory’ and ‘Roger- Ramanujan’s identities in partition of integers’. He worked on composite numbers, algebra of inequalities, probability theory, continued fractions etc.
1729

Once when Hardy visited Ramanujan in the hospital, he mentioned as a way of greeting that the number of the taxi he had come in was 1729. He added that he thought it was ‘rather a dull number’. From his sick bed, Ramanujan protested. ‘No, Hardy’, he said, ‘It is very interesting number. It is the smallest number that can be expressed in two different ways as the sum of two cubes’. As usual he was right because 1729 can be written as 1729=1cube+12cube=9cube+10cube.(1*1*1=1;12*12*12=1728. So  1+1728=1729). But also :(9*9*9=729;10*10*10=1000. So 729+1000=1729).

EXPLAIN THE BEHAVIOUR
OF BLACK HOLES

Ramanujan’s deathbed puzzle is a cryptic formula that he believed came to him in dreams while on his deathbed. In his deathbed in 1920 he had written, in a letter to his mentor G H Hardy about the formula outlining several new mathematical functions together with a theory about how they worked. Recently the American researchers claim that they have solved the deathbed puzzle after more than 90 years. The new findings, which prove the formula right, could explain the behavior of black holes.

GEOMETRIC PATTERNS
TO DECORATE THE BUILDINGS

One consequence of the Islamic prohibition on depicting the human form was the extensive use of complex  geometric patterns to decorate their buildings, raising mathematics to the form of an art. The Holy Qur’an itself encouraged the accumulation of knowledge, and a Golden Age of Islamic mathematics and science flourished.
The outstanding Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi’s important contribution was algebra, and he introduced the fundamental algebraic methods of ‘reduction’ and ‘balancing’ and provided an exhaustive account of solving polynomial equations. His powerful abstract mathematical language is still used across the world today. The 10th century Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Karaji worked to extend algebra, freeing it from its geometrical heritage and introduced the theory of algebraic calculus…
ALGEBRA

Algebra is the language through which we describe patterns. As opposed to having to do something over and over again, algebra gives us a simple way to express that repetitive process…

EUCLID,THE FATHER
OF GEOMETRY.

Euclid was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the ‘father of geometry’. He lived and flourished in Alexandria in Egypt around 300 BCE, during the reign of Ptolemy. He wrote perhaps the most important and successful mathematical textbook, the ‘Elements’ was a lucid and comprehensive compilation and explanation of all the known mathematics of his time, including the works of Pythagoras, Hyppocrates, Theudius and Eudoxus. Euclid reworked the mathematical concepts of his predecessors into a consistent whole, later to become known as Euclidean geometry, which is still valid today as it was 2300 years ago.

ARITHMETIC

Arithmetic is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics.
It consists of the study of numbers, especially the properties of the traditional operations between them-addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.